A Macao study combined an ingredient-label survey, extraction of selected personal-care products, and a separate coastal-sediment investigation.
Source details
Saidu M. Bashir, Sam Kimiko, Chu-Wa Mak, James Kar-Hei Fang, David Gonçalves. Frontiers in Marine Science. 2021.
DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2021.683482
Findings
A Macao study combined an ingredient-label survey, extraction of selected personal-care products, and a separate coastal-sediment investigation.
Scroll horizontally for methods and limitations.
| Endpoint | Source-reported result | Locator |
|---|---|---|
| Selected facial scrub B | 7,703 ± 709 particles/g | PDF p. 5 Table 2; pp. 2-3 methods |
| Selected facial scrub B | 74 to 660 µm | PDF p. 5 Table 2; p. 3 methods |
Methods and scope
Small wet-product portions dispersed in alcohol/water, density separation, drying and binocular microscope enumeration. Three replicate extractions per product; selected fragments measured and weighed. Raman identification confirmed LDPE as major product polymer. Described negative/positive controls and recovery concern sediment workflow; no separate numerical product-workflow blank/recovery result located.
What this source can support
Supports selected-product Table 2 measurements, retaining a conflict with narrative. The ingredient-label inventory is not laboratory confirmation of every product.
Label-screen-selected microbead products, sampled historically; not all cosmetics or current market. Product A/C include other material; use product B Table 2 result with LDPE assignment. Table 2 means differ from nearby prose and product descriptions differ between methods/results. Product-specific blank validation unclear; sediment controls cannot be assumed to validate product extraction. No measured skin penetration, human dose, or clinical outcome.
Related evidence
Reported values and source locations
| Reported value | Measurement basis | Conditions and size context | Original document location |
|---|---|---|---|
| 7,703 ± 709 particles/g | Table 2 mean ± SD; narrative reports a different point estimate | Product B, selected personal-care scrub; triplicate extractions 74-660 µm observed product-B range | PDF p. 5 Table 2; pp. 2-3 methods |
| 74 to 660 µm | Observed size range | Product B microscopic maximum diameter measurements Observed range, not validated lower detection floor | PDF p. 5 Table 2; p. 3 methods |
Source provenance
Primary PDF SHA-256: ee700e8b74e01c55710b25e23522235f6c769b3e20ecb601083e7a1df2ee07a9
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