A study of alcoholic and nonalcoholic beverages used microscopy and Raman spectroscopy to investigate particle properties and packaging groups.
Source details
Gibbon Ramaremisa, Rudolph M. Erasmus, Hlanganani Tutu, Dalia Saad. Environmental Pollution. 2025.
DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.125388
Findings
A study of alcoholic and nonalcoholic beverages used microscopy and Raman spectroscopy to investigate particle properties and packaging groups.
No numerical product measurement from this source is accepted in this packet. Useful context for polymer confirmation, mixed beverage categories, and uncertainty in packaging source attribution. No numerical beer concentration accepted.
Methods and scope
Wet peroxide oxidation, filtration, Rose Bengal exclusion of stained natural material, stereomicroscopy and micro-Raman. Raman characterized 70% of non-stained particles per filter. Blank experiments are reported, but a numerical blank correction result is not provided in the inspected main methods/results.
What this source can support
Useful context for polymer confirmation, mixed beverage categories, and uncertainty in packaging source attribution. No numerical beer concentration accepted.
Alcoholic aggregate is not relabeled as beer. Raman fluorescence and residual natural material may cause misclassification or underestimation. Natural material on plastic surfaces may be excluded by staining. Main text Table 1 swaps combined alcoholic/nonalcoholic means relative to results; no numerical concentration accepted here. Available online in 2024, volume year 2025; primary volume year used.
Related evidence
Source provenance
Primary PDF SHA-256: cb575acb0f421b3f9ecc674e2a2ab5f24e3358c0ac58bc67a7fe1c7db23bc477
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