Cap and neck abrasion during opening/closing of feeding and water bottles, with a separate injector experiment.
Source details
Ke Song, Runrun Ding, Caiyun Sun, Lunguang Yao, Weicheng Zhang. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2021.
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14939-7
Findings
LDIR distinguished confirmed plastic polymers from total microparticles, cellulose, additives, and unidentified material. The bottle extraction used ethanol and concentration before analysis, so particles per milliliter refers to the analytical sample rather than a milliliter of milk consumed.
Scroll horizontally for methods and measurement limits.
| Reported result | Conditions | Size context | Original locator |
|---|---|---|---|
| 112 confirmed plastic particles/mL of concentrated ethanol extract | One tested plastic feeding bottle; 100 opening/closing cycles; caps/necks washed with ethanol; extract dried and rediluted to 2 mL before LDIR analysis | LDIR >20 µm; reported observed plastic size range 20-500 µm | PDF p. 4 (printed 59816), Table 1, first feeding-bottle row; p. 2 Sample collection |
Methods and scope
Bottles underwent repeated opening/closing; caps and necks were washed with filtered ethanol. Collected extracts were dried and brought to a final ethanol volume for LDIR chemical imaging. Triplicate measurements were reported. Filtered solvents, clean-bench work, and glass/aluminum tools reduced contamination. No numerical procedural-blank results are given in the inspected methods. TEM imaged smaller particles without chemically confirming them individually.
What this source can support
Direct mechanical-release experiment; useful for separating microparticle totals from chemical plastic identification.
Not a hot-formula experiment or measured infant dose. Extract-normalized counts cannot be compared with water-simulant concentrations. LDIR excludes particles smaller than its reported threshold. A text reference to a nanometer size bin conflicts with the instrument window, so that bin is not repeated. The work does not demonstrate clinical disease or establish price/brand quality as a health measure.
Related evidence
Reported values and source locations
| Reported value | Measurement basis | Conditions and size context | Original document location |
|---|---|---|---|
| 112 confirmed plastic particles/mL of concentrated ethanol extract | Table 1 triplicate-analysis value; no numerical SD for plastic-only subset | One tested plastic feeding bottle; 100 opening/closing cycles; caps/necks washed with ethanol; extract dried and rediluted to 2 mL before LDIR analysis LDIR >20 µm; reported observed plastic size range 20-500 µm | PDF p. 4 (printed 59816), Table 1, first feeding-bottle row; p. 2 Sample collection |
Source provenance
Primary PDF SHA-256: 80f7cd5b1cac54d035a8a4cbca00ba4531808194197e35776ea1c75fd4a8564a
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